Main Items of Works of Building

Main Items of Works of Building

Unit

As per ASTM UNIFORMAT II Classification for Building Elements (ASTM E1557-09, 2015), the main items of works of building are:

1. Earthwork: Earthwork in excavation and earthwork taken out accurately under different items
2. Concrete in Foundation: Foundation concrete consists of lime concrete or weak/lean cement concrete. The proportion of cement concrete In foundation may be 1: 4: 8 or 1: 5: 10.
3. Brick Flat Soling: When the soil is soil or bad.' one layer of dry brick or stone soling is applied below the foundation concrete. This soling layer is computed in square units specifying the thickness.
4. Damp Proof Course: DPC usually of 2.5 cm (1 inch) thick rich cement concrete 1: 1.5:3 or 2 cm (.75 inch) thick rich cement mortar 1 :2, mixed with standard water proofing material, is provided at the plinth level to full width of plinth wall and the quantities are computed in square units. It is not provided at veranda openings.
5. Masonry: Foundation and plinth masonry is taken under one item, and masonry in superstructure is taken under a separate item. In storied building, the masonry in each storey is tabulated separately. Proper deductions arc made for openings as doors, windows, lintels etc. Arch masonry work is taken out separately.
6. Arch Masonry Works: Masonry work in arches is calculated in cubic units  separately by multiplying the mean length of the arch by the thickness of the: arch and by the breadth of the wall.
7. Lintels over Openings: Length of lintel is equal to the clear span plus two i hearings. If the dimension of bearing is not given, the bearing may be taken as 1 same as the thickness of lintel with a minimum of 12 cm. (4.50 inch).
8. RCC & RB Work: The quantities in roof or floor slab, in beams, lintels, columns, foundations are calculated in cubic units exclusive of steel: reinforcements and its bending but inclusive of centering and shuttering and fixing and binding reinforcement in position. The reinforcement including its bending is taken up separately under steel works. For this purpose, 0.6% to 1 % of RCC by volume may be taken for steel.
9. Flooring and Roofing:

• Ground Floor: The base lime concrete and floor finishing of CC or stone or marble or mosaic etc. are usually taken as one job or one item and the quantity is 'calculated in square units. The length and breadth are the inside dimensions from wall to wall of superstructure. 
• lst floor, 2nd floor etc.: Supporting structure is taken separately in cubic units as RCC and the nom finishing is taken separately in sq units as 2.5 cm or 4 cm (1 inch) or 1.5 inch) CC or marble, mosaic etc.

10. Plastering and Pointing: Plastering usually 0.5 inch thick s calculated in square meters. While deducting, the following rules are generally followed:

• For small openings up to 0.5 sq. m (5 sq. ft) no deduction is made and at the same time no additions are made for jambs, soffits and of sills of these openings.
• For opening exceeding 0.5 sq. m (5 sq. ft) but not exceeding 3 sq m (30 sq. ft) deduction is made for one face only and the other lace is allowed for jambs, soffits and sills which are not taken into account separately.
• For opening above 3 sq. m (30 sq. It) deduction is made for both faces of the opening, and the jambs, soffits and sills are taken into account and added.

Plastering in ceiling usually of 12 mm (1/2 inch) thick and is computed in sq. m units under a separate head.

11. Doors and Windows:

• Chowkhat or Frame
• Door and Window Shutters

12. Iron Work: Computed in Kg. or Quintal

13. White Washing or Colour Washing or Dis tempering: The quantities are computed in square units        and are usually same as for plastering. The inside is usually white-washed and the outside is                usually color-washed. The number of coals should be mentioned in the item.

14. Painting: Painting or Varnishing of doors and windows are computed in square meters, the                  dimension should be taken for outer dimensions of the chowkhat i.e. the outer dimensions of                doors and windows. Painting is usually done in two or three coats, usually over a coat of priming.

Electrification and Sanitary and Water Supply Works: For Sanitary and Water Supply Works 8% and for electrification 8% of the estimated cost of the building works is usually provided in the estimate.


Rates: Rates or different items in the estimate are the current rates for the completion of the items of work which include supply of materials, transport, labour, scaffolding, overheads, contractor's profit, taxes, etc. The rates are usually taken from the PWD Schedule of Rates.

Units of Measurement:
                                       
                                                      [BASED ON IS 1200 REVISED]

Sl. No.	Particulas of item	Units of Measurement	Units of payment
I II	Earth work: 1.  Earth work in Excavation 2.  Earthwork in fillingin founda- tion trenches 3.  Earth work in filling in plinth Concrete: 1.  Lime concretre in foundation 2.  Cement concrete in Lintels 3.  R.C.C.in slab 4.  C.C. or R.C.C. Chujja, Sun- shade 5.  L.C. in roof terracing (thickness specified)	cum cum cum cum cum cum cum sqm	Per%cum Per%cum Per%cum percum percum percum percum persqm

III IV V VI VII

6.  Cement concrete bed 7.  R.C. Sunshade (Specified Width & Hight Damp ProofCource (D.P.C) (Thickness should be men- tioned) Brick work: 1.  Brickwork in foundation 2.  Brick work in plinth 3.  Brick work in super struc- ture 4.  Thin partition walls 5.  Brick work in arches 6.  Reinforced brick work (R.B.Work) Stone Work: Stone masonry Wood work: 1. Door sand windows frames or chowkhats, rafters beams 2.  Shutters of doors and win- dows (thickness specified) 3.  Doors and windows fittings (like hinges, tower bolts, sliding bolts, handles) Steel work 1.  Steel reinforcement bars etc    in    R.C.C.    and R.B.work. quintal 2.  Bending, binding of steel Reinforcement 3.  Rivets, bolts, & nuts, An- chor bolts, Lewis bolts, Holding down bolts. 4.  Iron hold fasts 5.  Iron railing (height and types specified) 6.  Iron grills

cum cum sqm cum cum cum sqm cum cum cum cum sqm Number Quintal Quintal Quintal Quintal Quintal sqm

per cum 1rm persqm percum percum percum percum percum percum percum percum persqm per number per quintal per quintal per quintal per quintal per quintal per sqm

VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV

Roofing 1.  R.C.C. and R.B.Slab roof (excluding steel) 2.  L.C. roof over and inclusive of tiles or brick or stone slab etc (thickness specified) 3.  Centering and shuttering form work 4.  A.C.Sheet roofing Plastering, points&finishing 1. Plastering-Cement or Lime Mortar (thickness and pro- portion specified) 2.  Pointing 3.  White washing, colour washing, cement wash (number of coats specified) 4.  Distempering (number of coats specified) 5.  Painting, varnishing (number of coats specified) Flooring 1.  25mm cement concrete over 75mm lime concrete floor (including L.C.) 2.  25mm or 40mm C.C. floor 3.  Doors and window sills (C.C. or cement mortar plain) Rain water pipe /Plain pipe Steel wooden trusses Glass pannels(supply) Fixing of glass panels or cleaning

cum sqm sqm sqm sqm sqm sqm sqm sqm sqm sqm sqm 1RM 1No sqm No

per cum per sqm per sqm per sqm per sqm per sqm per sqm per sqm per sqm per sqm per sqm per sqm per RM per 1No per sqm per no.